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Dr. Desalegn Mengesha Degefaw has announced his resignation after serving UoG for the past thirteen years. His destination is Ohio State University's Global One Health Initiative (Regional Director for East Africa)! I

Peripheral Tolerance Induction of tolerance requires education of both B and T cells, which occurs in both central (bone marrow, thymus) and peripheral (spleen, lymph nodes) lymphoid organs and tissues Here lymphocytes become either immune competent or tolerant towards encountered antigens Mechanisms of tolerance induction and maintenance differ between B and T cells, and between central and peripheral lymphoid organs Central T-Cell Selection Transgenic animal models demonstrate that central mechanisms are indispensable for induction of self-tolerance CD4-CD8- (double negative) T-cell progenitors enter the thymic cortex and rearrange their receptors to become CD4+CD8+ (double positive) thymocytes Positive and negative selection occurs in the thymus ( Figure 1 ) T-cells with a receptor that bind with moderate affinity to self-peptide-MHC complexes on thymic epithelia receive a survival signal (positive selection) Depending on which MHC was recognised, the T-cell will display either CD4 or CD8 (single positive) Negative selection occurs at the DP stage in the cortex, or at the SP stage in the medulla: T-cells with a receptor that bind with high avidity to autoantigens on thymic epithelia undergo apoptosis The autoantigens are host tissue proteins expressed on thymic epithelia under regulation of the transcription factor autoimmune regulator (AIRE) Many T-cells are eliminated: of the potential 109 receptor specificities in the thymus, only a fraction are present in peripheral tissues AIRE deficiency results in organ-specific autoimmunity, including APS-1 (damage to parathyroid and adrenal glands) Peripheral T-Cell Selection Central and Peripheral tolerance occur in tandem, in the case that central tolerance is not completely effective

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Size:10x 10mg Lab Pack 8 - Ultimate

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